مصرف انرژی و انتشار کربن معادل در چرخه حیات جداره‌های خارجی متداول مسکن شهری، رهیافتی در توسعه پایدار انرژی (مطالعه موردی: مناطق شهر سنندج)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
ایوب مرادخانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
نیلوفر نیک قدم
2
(استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
منصوره طاهباز
3
(دانشیار، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار انرژی, انرژی نهفته, انرژی دوره بهره‌برداری, آلاینده‌های زیست‌محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
پایداری انرژی در چارچوب توسعه پایدار محقق می‌شود. دستیابی به اهداف سیاست پایدار انرژی، یعنی تأمین امنیت، حفاظت محیط‌زیست و رشد اقتصادی، درگرو بهبود بهره‌وری انرژی است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با توجه به سهم عمده مصرف انرژی در ایران توسط ساختمان‌های مسکونی، باهدف شناسایی و مقایسه تطبیقی جداره‌های خارجی متداول مسکن شهری، در قالب روشی بهره گرفته از چرخه حیات ساختمان در پی ارزیابی انرژی نهفته و آلاینده‌های زیست‌محیطی در دوره تولید و همچنین انرژی مصرفی دوره بهره‌برداری است. با توجه به رویکرد تحلیلی-توصیفی پژوهش، پس از تشریح مبانی مرتبط، نخست با روش دلفی و تحلیل سلسه مراتبی AHP فازی به شناسایی و پهنه‌بندی میزان فراوانی جداره‌های خارجی متداول مسکن در مناطق سه‌گانه شهر سنندج اقدام شد. سپس به سنجش مصرف انرژی نهفته دوره تولید با داده‌های موجود و انرژی دوره بهره‌برداری با استفاده از مدل-سازی و شبیه‌سازی یک بلوک شهری در نرم‌افزار Design Builder با توجه به متغیرهای مربوطه مبادرت ورزیده شد. تفسیر یافته‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و تحلیل آماری ANOVA و همچنین آزمون Duncan برای مقایسه طبقه‌بندی‌ها، حاکی از رابطه معنی‌دار در سطوح انرژی نهفته دوره تولید و بهره‌برداری بین جداره‌ها و گستره آن در مناطق سه‌گانه شهر سنندج است. سهم بسیار پایین انرژی اولیه دوره نهفته در برابر دوره بهره‌برداری در مقایسه سه منطقه شهری به ترتیب 01/2، 87/1 و 86/1 سال از دوره حیات ساختمان است. نتایج پژوهش، وضعیت نامطلوب و الزام برنامه‌ریزی در سطح مدیرت شهری در خصوص کاربست جداره‌های خارجی مسکن مناطق سه‌گانه شهر سنندج را تأکید می‌کند.
Energy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective energy consumption factor in the life cycle of the building, and was sought to assess the embodied Energy and environmental pollutants in the production period as well as the operational cycle. Considering the analytical-descriptive approach, after describing the related principles, Delphi method and analytical hierarchy of Fuzzy AHP were used to identify and zonate the frequency of common external walls in three areas of Sanandaj. Then, the energy consumption of the embodid period was assessed with the existing data and using modeling and simulation of a city block in Design Builder software the energy of the operational cycle was assesed considering the relevant variables. Interpretation of the findings was conducted using SPSS, ANOVA and Duncan's test for comparing the classifications and indicated a significant relationship between the embodied energy levels of production and operational cycle between the walls and its extent in the three regions of Sanandaj city. The very low contribution of primary energy of the embodied period compared to the operational cycle for three metropolitan areas was 2.01, 1.87 and 1.86, respectively, of life cycle of the building. The results of the research in regions of Sanandaj indicated the unfavorable condition of energy consumption in the widespread use of the walls during the life cycle stages of the building.
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